Network Services

BOOTP:
BOOTP (Bootstrap Protocol) is an Internet protocol that enables a diskless workstation to discover its own IP address, the IP address of a BOOTP server on the network, and a file to be loaded into memory to boot the machine. This enables the workstation to boot without requiring a hard or floppy disk drive.

DHCP:
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocols (DHCP) provides Internet hosts with configuration parameters. DHCP is an extension of BOOTP and consists of two components: a protocol for delivering host-specific  configuration parameters from a DHCP server to a host and a mechanism for allocation of network addresses to hosts.

DNS:
The Domain Name Service (DNS) protocol searches for resources using a database distributed among different name servers.

NAT:
NAT (Network Address Translation) is an Internet standard that enables a local area network (LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a second set of addresses for external traffic. A NAT box is located where the LAN meets the Internet makes all necessary IP address translations.
NAT serves three main purposes:

• Serves as a type of firewall by hiding internal IP addresses.
• Provides more internal IP addresses for a company. As these are only for internal use, there is no possibility of conflict with IP addresses used by other companies and organizations.
• Permits a company to merge multiple ISDN connections into a single internet connection.

ICS:

ICS (Internet connection sharing) is a method used for connecting multiple computers in a LAN to the Internet through a single connection and a single IP nddress. ICS typically uses NAT technologies to achieve this and works with most connection technologies, Including DSL, cable, ISDN, dial-up and satellite. The device with the modem or broadband interface that establishes the connection to the Internet is called the ICS host, or gateway while the other devices that connect to the Internet via the network and the ICS host are called ICS clients. If an ICS host fails, then all of the ICS clients lose their Internet connections.

WINS:

WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service), a system, which determines the IP address associated with a particular network computer. This is called name resolution. WINS supports network client and server computers running Windows and can provide name resolution for other computers with special arrangements. Determining the IP address for a computer is a complex process when DHCP servers assign IP addresses dynamically. For example, it is possible for DHCP to assign a different IP address to a client each time the machine logs on to the network.

WINS uses a distributed database that is automatically updated with the names of computers currently available and the IP address assigned to each one. DNS s an alternative system for name resolution suitable for network computers with fixed IP addresses.

SNMP:

The Internet community developed SNMP (Simple Network Message Protocol) to allow diverse network objects to participate in global network management architecture. Network managing systems can poll network entitles implementing SNMP for information relevant to a particular network management implementation. Network management systems learn of problems by receiving traps or change notices from network devices implementing SNMP.

A node on a network serves as an entrance to another network. In enterprises, the gateway is the computer that routes the traffic from a workstation to the outside network that is serving the Web pages. In homes, the gateway is the ISP that connects the user to the Internet.

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